Kiln for firing pottery and other ware



C. F. BAILEY. KILN FOR FIRING POTTERY AND OTHER WARE.

APP LICATION FIL ED AUG-10,192].

Patented Nov. 7, 1922;

kilns for firing pottery and other ware, the

Patented Nov. 7, 1922..

UNITED STATES CHARLES Fri-mansion Barney, or Lawson, ENGLAND.

KILN FOR FIRING POTTERY AND OTHER WARE.

Application filed August 10, 1921.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLns FREDERICK BAILEY, subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and resident of Green bank, Lawton, in the county of Chester, England, earthenware manufacturer, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns for Firing Pottery and Other Ware, of which the following is a specification,

My invention relates to improvements in obj ect being means to enable a great quantity of ware to be expeditiously and economically treated, and means for consuming the prodnets of combustion so as to prevent the issue of black smoke through the chimney of the kiln.

use of three kilns arranged in close proximity to one another, two of the kilns being arranged below and separated by an opening or arched passage where the fires arelocated, with a third kiln constructed above the said arched passage; all the three kilns being heated by the circulation of heat from the fires in the opening or arched passage; meansv for expeditiously cooling down the ware after. the firing thereof; means for excluding the cold air to the fire-places, fines and brickworkin order to retain the heat after the firing of the ware is completed thereby lessening the amount of fuel required for the next firing; and means for consuming the products of combustion so as to prevent the issue of black smoke from the chimney of the kiln. 7 a

My. invention will be fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a Fig. 1 is asectional elevation of my improved kiln, and i Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation illustrating a portion of the kiln to scribed. I

Acoordin to my said invention I employ three kilnsfX, Y and Z, the two lower ones X and Y. being on the same level and separated by an opening or arched passageW where the fire-places a are suituated, the

' a third kiln Z being arranged above the arched passage W and communicating with the kiln chimney V. The fireplaces a are arranged at each side of the opening'or arched passage W so that the flame or heat from each fire passes alongfiues 5 under cachet the invention consists essentially in the.

be hereinafter (16':

Serial No. 491,213.

lower kilns X and Y up through the flues Z1 arranged in the walls thereof and extending over-the top and down the inner side of each kiln X. and Y, the heat then passing through a passage 6' and along a flue 0 extending over the top of the arched passage W where meeting midfcather c it is divided, the heat then passing through flues cl arranged along the floor of the uper kiln Z up the sides and to the top thereof where it passes into a cone or conduit 7' and into the kiln chimney V. By this means the whole of the heat is thoroughly circulated to the three kilns X, Y and Z and utilised to the best advantage. Each of the kilns X, Y and Z is providedwith an opening 6. The said openings 6 in the lower kilns communicate with, small chimneys (shown dotted) or with heat conduits f into the main chimney V, each ofthe said openings ,6 being provided with a similar damper hinged at its lower side and operated by partly rotating a rod 7L (Fig. 1) to moveit to close either of the lower kilns X or Y, or the upper kiln Z, the particular opening 6 at the back of the kiln Z being also controlled by a damper g. The opening a in the back wall of kiln Z hasa-passage communicating with the main chimney V outside the cone or conduit The rod h pertaining to the kiln Z is not shownin Fig. l, as it and the damper g are similar to thoserillustrated in connection with the kiln Y. s

If desired thedampers g for the two lower kilnsX andY may rest in a. socket g and be operated by a rod g extending through a hole in the wall oi the conduit 7' asshown at Fig. 2. The dampers 9 could be operated by a chain (.not shown) or other convenient means.

The small chimneys f may be arranged vertically as shown to allow the heat to pass out into the atmosphere when necessary. instead of employing small chimneys f aconduit 7 may communicate with each side kiln X and Y and with the chimney V.

In order to retain suificient heat in the kiln walls to assist the next firing, I employ a conduit from the, upper kiln Z to the main chimneyV. This conduit j nay be of cone formation orof other suitabie shape extending vertically inside the chimney, a hinged damper is being employed at its upper end which is opened or closed by a chain at passing over a guide pulley a so as to be operated from outside the kiln.

Air is admitted underneath the fire bars along the hearth p and flue or conduit 9 which is in close proximity to the flame or heat flue b of the lower kilns X and Y. The said air flue q extends over the top of the kilns X and Y and then communicates with are hinged at their lower ends 7 and moved by suitable rods. The dampers r are shown closed on the drawing, they are moved to the vertical position to allow for the passage of air through the flues g. The air through the fines Q is greatly heated during its passage round the lower kilns prior to meeting the flame, the flue, q being increased in size as shown to form a hot air chamber over the top of the kilns X and Y where the heat is greatest this being for the purpose of slightly delaying the air and considerably increasing its temperature to effectively treat or destroy the products of combustion which it may come in contact with during its travel to the uppermost kiln Z. I

In order to greatly increase the intensity of heat to the upper kiln Z when necessary a passage or by-pass 's is employed above the fire mouths or file-places a with a controlling damper .9 which when opened allows a direct upward travel of flame there through into the passage 6' and up the flues c to the fines cl in the walls of the uppermost kiln Z. Normally the passage or by-pass s is kept closed but it may e opened to expedite the firing in the top kiln Z when the two lower kilns X and Y are working at the required heat temperature.

During the firing of the ware in each of the three kilns X, Y and Z the dampers g are kept closed but after the firing has been completed and it is desired to cool down the dampers g arev opened to allow the egress of the heat from the interior of each kiln X, Y and Z, the heat from. eachof the lower kilns then pa sing through the small chimney f to atmosphere, or through the heat conduit f to the main chimney V as before referred to, the heat passing through opening 6 in the upper kiln Z is conducted through a passage in the brickwork to the main chimneyV.

It will be understood that the interior of the three kilns X, Y and Z can be cooled down by operating the dampers g to allow for exit of heat through the openings -e which communicate with the main chimney V, without interfering in any way with the heat conduits or fiues b, 0 and d. All the flame or heat from the said fiues b, c and cl is collected in the cone or conduit 7' which vfor the next firing of the kihi.

Instead of the small chimneys 7 being arranged to convey the heat to atmosphere,

such waste heat may if desired be conveyed to a stove or chamber and utilised to dry the ware as will be understood.

I prefer to retain the'heat in the kiln walls or fines to expedite the next firing, by regulating or closing the damper 7a to prevent the egress of heat through the chimney V as this does not interfere with the passage through the archway WV which enables easy access to and from the kiln and all the kiln fires. If desired the opening or arched passage IV between the two lower kilns X and Y may be closed by a door or doors. Assuming the arched passage W between the two lower kilns is built up' at one end, a door (not shown) may be situated at the other end to completely close up the passage but where the opening or passage W is arranged to extend right through between the two lower kilns, two doors could be provided, one at each end of the passage, for the purpose stated, in which case either of the two doors could be opened during the firing and closed when the cooling down of the ware is taking place. Such doors may be arranged to slide in guideways or be mounted onhinges or carried in any othersuitable way. 1

To expedite the cooling down of the ware in all the three kilns after firing is accomplished I arrange for the displacement of the fire grates to dislodge the burning fuel. For this purpose the fire bars 0 are carried on an inclined sl'idable frame :t which rest-s on fixed bearers u. The said slidable frame 2? extends longitudinally of each fire-place a and has two or more racks t to engage pinions t secured to rotatable shafts t rotatable in bearings (not shown) fixed on the kiln. By the rotation of :the shaft the pinions t slide the frame t carrying the fire bars 0 the fuel thereon falling into the ash-hole 2, water therein extinguishing the fires. When the fires are extinguished, the damper is, on the top of the cone or conduit 7', is closed so as to retain the maximum amount of heat for the next firing.

To retain the heat round the top kiln Z which is farthest away from the fires I may employ an extra thickness of brickwork for the walls 3 of the uppermost kiln Z.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a pottery kiln, an arched passage, a kiln arranged at each side of the passage, each kiln being provided with a fire-place arranged crosswise of it and adapted to be fired from within the said passage, and a third kiln arranged above the said passage and provided with a chimney, all three kilns being provided with heating fines extending around them and connecting the two fireplaces with the said chimney.

2. In combination with a kiln as set forth in claim 1, a conduit arranged in the chimney above the third kiln and provided with a damper at its upper part so that heat may be retained in the conduit to assist the next firing.

3. In combination with a kiln as set forth in claim 1, passages for hot air extending around the two lower kilns and connecting the lower parts of their fire-places with the heating fiues at points where they approach the under part of the third kiln so 1 that the products of combustion may be in claim 1, a by-pass passage between each fire-place and the heating fines of the third kiln and a damper controlling each said bypass passage.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two Witnesses.

CHARLES FREDERICK BAILEY.

Witnesses:

J. BENTON, J. H. CoPnsrA RE. 

